In Vitro Fertilization Treatment (IVF)

WHAT IS IN VITRO FERTILIZATION?

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is the most advanced, sophisticated and successful form of fertility therapy available. In simple terms, IVF means fertilization outside the body. After ovarian stimulation, eggs are collected from the woman's ovaries and then fertilized by the husband's sperm in a petri dish or a test tube in a controlled laboratory environment. The resulting embryos are deposited into the woman's uterus by embryo transfer. If the process is successful, one or more embryos get implanted in the lining of the womb leading to pregnancy.


WHO IS A CANDIDATE FOR IVF?

In vitro fertilization statistics suggest that couples under the age of 35 who have been trying to conceive for more than a year without results are ideal candidates for in vitro fertilization. Couples over the age of 35 who have been trying to conceive for six months may also be good candidates for IVF treatment. The following are a few causes of infertility that may be treated with in vitro fertilization:

  • Ovulation disorders
  • Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes
  • Endometriosis
  • Low sperm count
  • Sperm problems such as sperm immotility
  • Unexplained Infertility

Although there is no established age limit on in vitro fertilization, many infertility clinics and hospitals consider your age as part of the candidate screening process.


STEPS IN IVF

There are five major steps in the IVF and embryo transfer sequence:

1.) Monitoring and stimulating the development of healthy egg(s) in the ovaries.
2.) Collection of eggs.
3.) Obtaining the sperm.
4.) Putting the eggs and sperm together in the laboratory, and providing conducive environment for fertilization and early embryo growth.
5.) Transferring the embryos into the uterus.

The Egg Retrieval Process: The retrieval procedure to obtain the eggs is performed trans-vaginally using a hollow needle guided by the ultrasound image (this is completely comfortable under adequate sedation and local anesthesia). Eggs are gently removed from the ovaries using the needle. This is called "follicular aspiration." Its timing is crucial because the egg will not develop properly if it is collected too early; if too late, the egg also may develop poorly or may have already been released from the ovary and lost.

The eggs are immediately identified by our embryologists in our special IVF laboratory. They are placed with the sperm in incubators to allow fertilization to take place. The eggs are examined carefully at intervals to ensure that fertilization and cell division have taken place; the fertilized eggs are now called embryos.

Embryos are usually placed in the wife's uterus 2 or 3 days after egg retrieval. A speculum is inserted into the vagina to expose the neck of the womb (cervix). The embryos are suspended in a tiny drop of fluid and then very gently introduced through a catheter into the womb, often under ultrasound guidance. The transfer is followed by a resting period, blood tests and possibly ultrasound examinations to verify if pregnancy has been established.


BENEFITS

One of the most obvious benefits of in vitro fertilization is that it can enable an infertile couple to have a baby. IVF treatment can also reduce the need for surgery on the fallopian tubes.
In a recent study, nearly 1,000 European children who were conceived through in vitro fertilization and monitored from birth until age 5 were shown to be as healthy as children who were conceived naturally.


RISKS

There are certain risks associated with in vitro fertilization, as there are with any surgical procedure. Due to the technology and medical expertise necessary for IVF, cycles of treatment can be expensive., and the initial cycle does not always work. In addition, the use of multiple embryos during embryo transfer has been known to cause multiple births.


IVF STATISTICS - PREGNANCY SUCCESS RATES

There are many factors that play a role in the success of IVF treatment, including the viability of the embryos, the age of the mother, and the quality of the sperm. In the United States, IVF success rates have been relatively high. By the end of 2002, nearly 300,000 babies conceived through assisted reproductive technology had been born. Currently, 99 percent of ART pregnancies are the result of IVF treatment. Approximately 37 percent of women under the age of 36 who undergo IVF experience a successful pregnancy.

The success rates of IVF, as presented by these statistics, are similar to the success rates of natural means (copulation). The rate of miscarriage following IVF is also comparable to the rate of miscarriage after natural conception. Ectopic pregnancies occur in roughly 3 to 5 percent of in vitro fertilization cases, the same rate as in pregnancies achieved naturally.

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